VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range (VOR) is defined as VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range, an aircraft navigation system operating in the VHF band.

VOR's are assigned radio channels between 108.0 MHz and 117.95 MHz (with 50 kHz spacing); this is in the very high frequency (VHF) range.

They provide at least 1000ft clearance over obstacles within 25NM of the homing facility.

Non Directional Beacon, a medium range radio navigation aid that sends out a signal in all directions for an aircraft to home to.

In a high bypass design, the vast majority of the thrust is derived from the ducted fan, rather than from combustion gases expanding in a nozzle.

A high bypass ratio provides a lower thrust specific fuel consumption (grams/sec fuel per unit of thrust in kN using SI units), especially at zero velocity (at takeoff) and at the cruise speed of most commercial jet aircraft.

No, because if your critical engine fails at V1 you have to continue your takeoff roll, but because you’re under VMCG you are unable to maintain directional control.

TORA= Takeoff Run Available, the length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off.

TODA= Takeoff Distance Available, the length of the take off run available (TORA) plus the length of the clearway, if available.

ASDA= Accelerated Stop Distance Available, the length of the takeoff run plus the length of the stopway, if available.

A clearway is an area beyond the paved runway, free of obstructions and under the control of the airport authorities. The length of the clearway may be included in the length of the takeoff distance available (Take Off Distance Available (TODA)). For example, if a paved runway is 2000 m long and there are 400 m of clearway beyond the end of the runway, the takeoff distance available is 2400 m long.

The stopway is an area beyond the runway which can be used for deceleration in the event of a rejected takeoff.

Screen height: TODR is the distance from the brake release point to the point where the aircraft gains a height of 35 ft above the ground. This 35 ft is what we call the screen height. While 35 ft is the screen height for class A airplanes, it is 50 ft for class B airplanes.

On a wet runway, the screen height is reduced to 15 ft.

Mcrit

Inform ATC.

The position of the CG directly influences the fuel consumption of an aircraft. An aft position of the CG makes the aircraft less stable, requiring less lift to be generated in both the horizontal stabilizer and wings, reducing the overall drag of the aircraft, and increasing the max range.

You want to load the the aircraft so that the CG is at, or as close as possible, to the aft limit (Without exceeding it).

• If no IRS/INS/GPS was available, it’s easier to fly a constant heading (but you will need to apply variation).

• If flying over short distances (as done during your training) the error introduced by flying a rhumb line is insi