The point during a flight at which an aircraft is no longer capable of returning to the airfield from which it took off due to fuel considerations.

Beyond this point the aircraft must proceed to some other destination.

Hypoxia, a lack of oxygen to tissues of the body due to low partial pressure at altitude.

Symptoms are: blue lips, apparent personality change, impaired judgement, muscular impairment, short term memory loss, sensory loss, hyperventilation, unconsciousness.

Other possible effects:

• Baurotrauma

• Lung damage

1. Unload. Make sure you are no longer 'pulling G's'

2. Roll wings level

3. Power Reduce the power to avoid overspeeding.

4. gently pull back on the control wheel to ease out of the dive.

When slowed down to a safe airspeed apply throttle as needed.

(N.b.: Do not confuse a spiral dive with a spin)

A swept wing makes the velocity vector normal to the leading edge a shorter distance than the chordwise resultant.

When rolling the aircraft the up-going wing will experience more drag than the down-going wing. This will result in a yawing moment that directly opposes the desired direction of turn. (i.e.: rolling left will cause a right yaw.)

V1 is lower when the runway is wet than when the runway is dry, because of the longer ASDR on a wet runway.

-15°C

because:

-2°C per 1000 feet gives -30°C.

ISA: 15°C at sea level - 30°C = -15°C at FL150

Fuel injection provides:

• Fuel free from vaporization ice

• Better economy through metered delivery

• More responsive and efficient engine

• Less maintenance

Poor, because the sweep-back design has the effect of reducing the lift capabilities of the wing.

Mcrit