1kg = 2.2lbs

Downward inclination of a wing from the root to the tip.

Fuel injection provides:

• Fuel free from vaporization ice

• Better economy through metered delivery

• More responsive and efficient engine

• Less maintenance

A wing stalls because the airflow over the wing’s upper surface separates when the critical angle of attack is reached or exceeded. This causes a reduction in the lift generated by the aerofoil

In a high bypass design, the vast majority of the thrust is derived from the ducted fan, rather than from combustion gases expanding in a nozzle.

A high bypass ratio provides a lower thrust specific fuel consumption (grams/sec fuel per unit of thrust in kN using SI units), especially at zero velocity (at takeoff) and at the cruise speed of most commercial jet aircraft.

A Mach trimmer is a system that artificially corrects for Mach tuck.

Because of the distance which has to be covered to reach 41.000 feet which may not be convenient for a short flight.

On long flights it is more typical to fly at 41.000 feet when the aircraft weight and performance allows.

VOR stations are fairly short range: the signals are line of sight between transmitter and receiver and are useful for up to 200 miles.

Each station broadcasts a VHF radio composite signal including the navigation signal, station's identifier and voice, if so equipped.

From West to East

East to West (In Africa during the summer)

GPWS is a central computer system that receives various data inputs on configuration, (radio altimeter) height/altitude and instrument landing system glide slope deviation and is able to alert the pilot when a dangerous situation is about to occur.